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Bone Density Study

Patient: Suzie Smith	ID: 12345678	DOB: 11/18/1960
Ethnicity: Caucasian	Gender: Female	Age: 58
Referred By: Marcus Welby		Menopause Age: 56
Scan Date: 09/16/19	Scanner: GE/Lunar Prodigy	Serial#: 332211

Interpretation: Osteopenia

Change From Prior: Bone density increased significantly by 7.1% in the total PA spine between 2/17/2016 and 9/16/2019. Bone density decreased significantly by 5.3% in the total left hip between 2/17/2016 and 9/16/2019.

Comments: Measurement of the PA spine was suboptimal due to focal sclerosis and/or osteophytes. Vertebral body L4 was excluded from the spine bone density analysis because of the presence of degenerative changes and/or focal/end plate sclerosis. The presence of degenerative changes of the spine may falsely elevate the spine bone density measurement.

Quantitative Digital Radiography (DXA) Summary

(Details of Prior Exam History on Following Pages)

Skeletal Site  BMD (g/cm2) T- score Z- score BMD Change Since Prior Scan (g/cm2) 02/17/16 BMD Change Since First Scan (g/cm2) 01/29/14 PA Spine  1.154 -0.1 1.0 0.0760 (7.1%) * 0.0450 (4.1%) * Total Hip (Left)  1.016 0.1 0.9 -0.0570 (-5.3%) * -0.0370 (-3.5%) * Femoral Neck (Left)  0.827 -1.5 -0.3 N/A** N/A**

* Denotes significant change when it exceeds: 0.0223 g/cm2 for the spine and 0.0267 g/cm2 for the total hip. ** The femoral neck is not a reliable site to assess changes in bone mineral density over time.

FRAX Calculation: Based on FRAX(R) 3.6 and the patient's responses to the FRAX(R) questionnaire, this patient's likelihood of hip fracture is 1.1% and major osteoporotic fracture is 7.7% over the next 10 years. The patient reported the following risk factors: smoking.

Reviewed By: Julius Irving, MD on 09/16/2019 15:51:50

Patient: SUZIE SMITH | MRN: 12345678 | DOB: 11/18/1960

PA Spine
Image not for diagnostic use.

	PA Spine     T Z BMD Change Since Date BMD Score Score Previous * Baseline * 09/16/19 1.154 -0.1 1.0 0.0760 (7.1%) * 0.0450 (4.1%) * 02/17/16 1.078 -0.8 0.0 -0.0310 (-2.8%) * -0.0310 (-2.8%) * 01/29/14 1.109 -0.5 0.1     * = Significant change
	Technical Comments: Measurement of the PA spine was suboptimal due to focal sclerosis and/or osteophytes.

Patient: SUZIE SMITH | MRN: 12345678 | DOB: 11/18/1960

Left Hip
Image not for diagnostic use.

	Total Hip     T Z BMD Change Since Date BMD Score Score Previous * Baseline * 09/16/19 1.016 0.1 0.9 -0.0570 (-5.3%) * -0.0370 (-3.5%) * 02/17/16 1.073 0.5 1.2 0.0200 (1.9%) 0.0200 (1.9%) 01/29/14 1.053 0.4 0.9     * = Significant change Femoral Neck * Date BMD T-Score Z-Score 09/16/19 0.827 -1.5 -0.3 02/17/16 0.896 -1.0 0.0 01/29/14 0.903 -1.0 0.0 * = A statistical comparison has not been provided since the femoral neck is not a reliable site for assessing changes in BMD over time.
	Technical Comments: The left hip/femoral neck scan was technically adequate.